Surgery Explained

This page shows what happens before, during and after an orthopaedic operation, in clear and simple steps.

Common Operations

Worn hip surfaces are replaced to reduce pain and help you walk.

Damaged knee surfaces are replaced to ease pain and improve bend.

Keyhole surgery to look inside the joint and fix problems.

New ligament to help a knee that feels loose after an ACL tear.

Fixes a torn shoulder tendon to improve strength.

Keyhole surgery to clean or repair the ankle joint.

Before surgery, a clinic visit, consent, blood tests and scans, and planning your home set-up
The day before, follow the fasting rules, pack your medicines and list, arrange a lift home and have a shower
On the day, check in and meet your team, then have the anaesthetic so you feel no pain during surgery
During surgery, the surgeon repairs or replaces the damaged part, through keyhole cuts or an open cut depending on the operation
After surgery, checks in the recovery room, pain relief and your first safe movements with help
Going home with a plan for medicines, wound care, exercises, warning signs and a follow-up date

In the first day or two, sitting out of bed, short walks with help, and breathing and leg pump exercises
In weeks 1–2, a wound check, light walks and your first physio review
By week 6, harder exercises and balance work, and some people can drive (ask your doctor)
By week 12, most normal activities, while you keep building strength
From 6 to 12 months, the last gains in strength and confidence

Everyone heals at a different speed. Follow your own plan.

Get help fast for chest pain, trouble breathing, very swollen/painful leg, high fever, or heavy bleeding.

Take pain medicine as directed, without waiting until the pain is very strong
Keep the dressing clean and dry, and watch for redness, pus or a bad smell
Short, frequent walks and gentle bending and straightening, building strength as guided
Ice and raising the leg or arm can help with swelling

See our Recovery & Rehab guides for step-by-step exercises.

Will I feel pain during surgery?

No. Anaesthesia keeps you comfortable and safe. You may be sleepy or fully asleep. You will get pain relief after surgery.

How long will I stay in hospital?

It depends on the operation and your health. Some keyhole surgeries are day-only. Joint replacements may be 1–3 days.

When can I drive again?

Often around 2–6 weeks when you can brake safely and are off strong pain medicines. Your doctor will guide you.

What warning signs should I watch for?

Chest pain, trouble breathing, calf swelling, high fever, heavy bleeding, or increasing redness around the wound. Seek help fast.

Note: This page supports, but does not replace, advice from your own doctor.

Brought to you by health professionals at Western Health, Melbourne