Surgery Explained

This page shows what happens before, during and after an orthopaedic operation — in clear, simple steps.

Common Operations

Total Hip Replacement

Worn hip surfaces are replaced to reduce pain and help you walk.

Total Knee Replacement

Damaged knee surfaces are replaced to ease pain and improve bend.

Shoulder Arthroscopy

Keyhole surgery to look inside the joint and fix problems.

ACL Reconstruction

New ligament to help a knee that feels loose after an ACL tear.

Rotator Cuff Repair

Fixes a torn shoulder tendon to improve strength.

Ankle Arthroscopy

Keyhole surgery to clean or repair the ankle joint.

Your Surgery Journey

  • 1) Before Surgery: clinic visit, consent, tests (blood, scans), plan your home set-up.
  • 2) The Day Before: follow fasting rules, pack medicines and list, arrange a lift home, have a shower.
  • 3) On the Day: check in, meet your team, anaesthetic given (you won’t feel pain during surgery).
  • 4) During Surgery: the surgeon fixes or replaces the problem part; keyhole or open depending on the operation.
  • 5) After Surgery: recovery room checks, pain relief, start safe movement with help.
  • 6) Going Home: get a plan for medicines, wound care, exercises, warning signs, and a follow-up date.

Typical Recovery Milestones

  • Day 0–1: sit out of bed, short walks with help, breathing and leg pump exercises.
  • Week 1–2: wound check, light walks, first physio review.
  • Week 6: stronger exercises, balance work; some people can drive (ask your doctor).
  • Week 12: back to most normal activities; keep building strength.
  • 6–12 months: final gains in strength and confidence.

Everyone heals at a different speed. Follow your own plan.

Risks to Know

  • Infection — redness, fever, or pus at the wound.
  • Bleeding or bruising.
  • Blood clots — calf pain/swelling, sudden shortness of breath.
  • Nerve or vessel injury — numbness, weakness, colour change.
  • Stiffness or ongoing pain.
  • Sometimes more surgery is needed.

Get help fast for chest pain, trouble breathing, very swollen/painful leg, high fever, or heavy bleeding.

Checklist for the Day

  • Follow fasting rules as told.
  • Bring your medicine list and allergies.
  • Wear loose, comfy clothes and safe shoes.
  • Remove nail polish and jewellery.
  • Have a lift home and an adult to stay if needed.

Pain, Wound Care & Exercises

  • Pain: take pain medicine as directed; don’t wait until pain is very strong.
  • Wound: keep dressing clean and dry; watch for redness, pus, or bad smell.
  • Movement: short, often walks; gentle range-of-motion; build strength as guided.
  • Ice and elevation: can help with swelling.

See our Recovery & Rehab guides for step-by-step exercises.

Surgery FAQs

Will I feel pain during surgery?
No. Anaesthesia keeps you comfortable and safe. You may be sleepy or fully asleep. You will get pain relief after surgery.
How long will I stay in hospital?
It depends on the operation and your health. Some keyhole surgeries are day-only. Joint replacements may be 1–3 days.
When can I drive again?
Often around 2–6 weeks when you can brake safely and are off strong pain medicines. Your doctor will guide you.
What warning signs should I watch for?
Chest pain, trouble breathing, calf swelling, high fever, heavy bleeding, or increasing redness around the wound. Seek help fast.

Note: This page supports, but does not replace, advice from your own doctor.

Preparing for Surgery
Recovery & Rehab
Browse Conditions

Brought to you by health professionals at Western Health, Melbourne